Bladder Management after Spinal Cord Injury: A Practical Approach- Describe the relationship between spinal cord injury and problems with the urinary system and bladder function. Review the process of normal urination, including the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and it's nervous system control. List the neurological changes that take place with supraspinal, suprasacral and infrasacral spinal cord injuries. Describe the optimal initial bladder management strategies after spinal cord injury, including during spinal shock. List the factors to be considered in bladder training and management during the long-term recovery period after SCI. Anticipate the problem of Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD) after SCI, including triggering factors, signs and symptoms, treatment options and prevention. Discuss the incidence of urinary tract infections after SCI, including causes, signs and symptoms, assessment issues, treatment and prevention.
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